NH SCHOOL FACTS
New Hampshire Public Schools:The Facts

Fewer students.
More spending.

The state’s own numbers on enrollment, spending, and property taxes. Every figure on this page links to its source, so you can easily check it yourself.

Your town · local data
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Your town, by the numbers

Pick a town, school district, or School Administrative Unit to see its enrollment, cost per pupil, and school property taxes, straight from state reports.

Color the map by

    Click a town on the map, a town in the list, or pick one from the menus. Striped areas are unincorporated places with no school district. Town shapes: NH GRANIT political boundaries.

    Enrollment: NHED District Fall Enrollments and Town Level Enrollment, October 1 counts, fall 2011 to fall 2025. Town counts are students who live in the town, wherever they attend. Cost per pupil: NHED Cost Per Pupil by District, 2024–25 and 2000–2023 (2000 figures in 2023 dollars). NHED’s cost per pupil leaves out tuition, transportation, construction, and debt. SAU groupings come from NHED’s enrollment reports. Towns and the districts that serve them: NHED District/Town report. Property taxes: NHED Values reports for 2007–08 and 2025–26 (local school assessment, statewide education property tax, and school rates), and NH Dept. of Revenue Administration municipal tax rates for 2021 and 2025. Rates are per $1,000 of assessed value and drop when a town revalues, so compare dollars raised over time, not rates. Cooperative district rates are averages across member towns.

    Now the statewide picture
    Statewide · Spending

    Students down. Cost per pupil up.

    2000 vs. 2023, after inflation
    2000 level +82% −21% COST PER PUPIL STUDENTS ENROLLED 2000 2023
    Cost per pupil from the NHED Cost Per Pupil by District, 2000–2023 ($11,192 in 2000, in 2023 dollars, vs. $20,323). Enrollment from NHED enrollment reports, 2000–01 vs. fall 2023.
    48,139 fewer

    students in New Hampshire public schools: 208,461 in 2000–01, down to 160,322 in fall 2025 (NHED; 2000–01 count via Scafidi 2025).

    $22,700

    average cost per pupil in 2024–25, up from $11,192 in 2000 in today’s dollars. Counting everything, including transportation, construction, and debt: $27,690 per pupil. (NHED)

    $5,906 more

    per pupil than the national average in FY2023: $21,731 in New Hampshire vs. $15,825 nationally, in preliminary U.S. Census figures (reported by Nashua Ink Link).

    District by district, the same story

    Districts where cost per pupil rose
    148 of 148
    Every district with comparable data spent more per pupil in 2023 than in 2000, after inflation.
    Districts that lost students
    9 in 10
    133 of those 148 districts enrolled fewer students in fall 2025 than in fall 2011.
    Tiny districts
    28
    districts had fewer than 100 students in fall 2025, and 59 had fewer than 250.
    Cost per pupil increase, by how many students each district lost
    +105%Lost themost−32%students+90%Lost somemore−23%students+80%Lostsome−17%students+85%Held orgrew+14%students

    Median change in cost per pupil after inflation, 2000 to 2023 (NHED Cost Per Pupil by District, 2000–2023), for 148 districts split into four equal groups by enrollment change, fall 2011 to fall 2025 (NHED District Fall Enrollments).

    Biggest enrollment drops, fall 2011 to fall 2025

    Districts with at least 200 students in 2011. Select one to see its numbers.

      Highest cost per pupil, 2024–25

      State average: $22,700. Select one to see its numbers.

        Sources: NHED District Fall Enrollments; NHED Cost Per Pupil, 2024–25.

        Statewide · Staffing

        Where did the money go? More staff.

        Change in NH school staff, 2001–2019

        Teacher pay rose just 8% after inflation from 2001 to 2024, while district spending rose 45%. The money paid for more staff, not better teacher pay.

        NHED data reported to the U.S. Dept. of Education, compiled by Scafidi: 2001–2019 report and 2020–2024 update (Josiah Bartlett Center).

        How New Hampshire compares

        Staff per 100 students, all 50 states, fall 2022
        01020Vermont: 22.7VTMaine: 21.3MEConnecticut: 19.7CTOhio: 18.5OHNew Hampshire: 18.5NH#518.5Wyoming: 18.0WYNew Jersey: 17.7NJNew York: 17.0NYNorth Dakota: 16.9NDArkansas: 16.4ARVirginia: 15.9VAMassachusetts: 15.7MAMississippi: 15.7MSKansas: 15.3KSRhode Island: 15.2RIIowa: 15.1IAWest Virginia: 15.1WVSouth Carolina: 15.1SCKentucky: 14.9KYPennsylvania: 14.8PASouth Dakota: 14.8SDNebraska: 14.7NEMontana: 14.6MTIllinois: 14.3ILWisconsin: 14.1WIMissouri: 14.1MOMinnesota: 14.1MNMaryland: 14.0MDTexas: 13.9TXGeorgia: 13.9GAIndiana: 13.8INMichigan: 13.8MIColorado: 13.5COHawaii: 13.5HIOregon: 13.3ORDelaware: 13.1DETennessee: 13.0TNAlaska: 12.8AKOklahoma: 12.7OKNorth Carolina: 12.7NCNew Mexico: 12.1NMFlorida: 11.6FLLouisiana: 11.5LAWashington: 11.4WAAlabama: 10.4ALCalifornia: 10.4CANevada: 9.9NVIdaho: 9.8IDArizona: 9.6AZUtah: 9.2UTU.S. average 13.7

        Scroll sideways to see every state.

        Staff per 100 students, fall 2012 to fall 2022
        101520201220142016201820202022NH 18.516.8U.S. 13.712.4

        New Hampshire kept adding staff per student as enrollment fell.

        Staff per student, fall 2012 to fall 2022
        +10%
        in New Hampshire, while enrollment fell 11% (NCES; NHED enrollment reports).
        Compared with the nation
        35% more staff
        per student than the U.S. average, 5th most of any state (fall 2022)

        Source: U.S. Dept. of Education, NCES Digest Table 213.50. Staff per 100 students is 100 divided by the pupil/staff ratio.

        New Hampshire ranks #2 in the nation for school administration cost: $2,029 per student, 68% above the U.S. average.

        The state has more than 100 School Administrative Units (SAUs) today, up from about 85 in 2005. Each can carry its own superintendent, business office, and HR staff. A 1993 state study found that replacing SAUs could save $27 million a year, about $62 million in today’s dollars.

        #1in the nation for SAU-level (“general”) administration: $794 per student, more than any other state (U.S. Census, 2023).

        Source: NH Legislature SAU study committee final report (Nov. 1, 2025), citing 2023 U.S. Census data.

        50 of 101

        SAUs serve fewer than 1,000 students, and 28 serve fewer than 500. Each can carry its own superintendent and central office.

        28 students63 students65 students87 students101 students122 students125 students130 students153 students154 students180 students181 students219 students259 students317 students328 students330 students358 students369 students380 students383 students394 students400 students419 students433 students442 students453 students472 students503 students506 students508 students515 students528 students534 students558 students676 students698 students726 students771 students825 students827 students830 students888 students890 students892 students914 students928 students936 students959 students981 students1,013 students1,015 students1,016 students1,025 students1,037 students1,085 students1,088 students1,100 students1,103 students1,126 students1,163 students1,285 students1,332 students1,486 students1,510 students1,517 students1,556 students1,572 students1,623 students1,660 students1,753 students1,763 students1,862 students1,869 students1,904 students1,914 students2,044 students2,064 students2,077 students2,236 students2,247 students2,263 students2,295 students2,394 students2,695 students2,848 students2,875 students2,924 students3,187 students3,193 students3,375 students3,451 students3,502 students3,583 students3,679 students3,755 students3,847 students3,941 students4,147 students9,501 students11,712 students50 SAUs under 1,000 studentsEach bar is one SAU, smallest to largest (bars capped at 6,000 students)

        Students in each SAU’s districts, fall 2025, from NHED District Fall Enrollments.

        Statewide · Property taxes

        Why your property tax bill keeps climbing

        School budgets are set locally, and schools are the biggest part of most property tax bills. When school budgets grow, your property tax follows.

        Local school spending, after inflation
        $1.09B $2.19B · +101% 2001 2019
        Spending per student by who pays, after inflation

        State aid per student held steady while local spending more than doubled as enrollment fell 14%. The trend continued: from 2020 to 2024, local school taxes rose 17% while districts served 8% fewer students.

        NHED and U.S. Dept. of Education data, compiled by Scafidi (2023, 2025).

        Schools’ share of all property taxes
        62%
        $3.15 billion of the $5.09 billion in property taxes New Hampshire towns raised for 2025 went to schools, through local and state education rates.
        Local school property tax
        $1.38B → $2.79B
        Up 103% from 2007–08 to 2025–26, while consumer prices rose about 55%. The increase came from local budgets, set at local meetings.
        Look up your town
        See your town’s school tax, rate, and the share of your bill that goes to schools.

        Sources: NH Dept. of Revenue Administration, 2025 municipal tax rates; NHED Values reports, 2007–08 and 2025–26; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index. Dollars are not adjusted for inflation.

        Where your property tax dollar goes

        All New Hampshire property taxes, 2025: $5.09 billion
        54%31%
        Local school tax: 54% ($2.78B)State education tax: 7% ($0.38B)Town or city: 31% ($1.57B)County: 7% ($0.38B)

        Schools take 62 cents of every property tax dollar. Your town government takes about 31.

        What schools cost you

        Pick your town and enter your assessed value to see how much of your 2025 property tax bill goes to schools.

        Uses each town’s 2025 tax rates per $1,000 of assessed value (NH DRA 2025 municipal tax rates). Your actual bill depends on your assessment and any exemptions or credits.

        Statewide · Results

        More money. Lower scores.

        Statewide · Myth vs. fact

        What you’ve heard vs. what’s true

        The claims you hear at school meetings, checked against state data, state law, and the record. Open any card for the numbers and sources, or copy a link to share one fact.

        Spending

        Where the money goes

        MYTH“Our schools have been cut to the bone.”FACTAfter inflation, cost per pupil is up 82% since 2000.Dig deeperClose

        In 2000, New Hampshire spent $11,192 per pupil in today’s dollars. By 2023 it was $20,323, and in 2024–25 it reached $22,700 per pupil in operating costs, or $27,690 counting everything. Total spending topped $4 billion in 2023–24.

        COST PER PUPIL, AFTER INFLATION (2023 DOLLARS)2000$11,1922023$20,323 · +82%

        Sources: NHED Cost Per Pupil by District, 2000–2023; NHED Cost Per Pupil, 2024–25; NHED.

        MYTH“More money means better results.”FACTSpending climbed while scores fell: NH lost 21 points on NAEP since 2003, three times the national drop.Dig deeperClose

        Nearly one in three New Hampshire eighth graders now scores below Basic in math, up from about one in five in 2003. Grade 8 reading, grade 4 math, and grade 4 reading all slipped too.

        NAEP POINTS LOST, 2003–2024United States−7 pointsNew Hampshire−21 points

        Sources: NAEP New Hampshire profile; combined score change compiled by Scafidi 2025.

        MYTH“Enrollment is falling, so cost per student has to rise.”FACTSome costs are fixed. But districts added staff as students left.Dig deeperClose

        From 2001 to 2019, enrollment fell 14%. Over the same years, instructional aides rose 40%, student support staff 41%, district administrators 57%, and instructional coordinators 61%. Fixed costs can explain some of the rise. They don’t explain hiring more people as students leave.

        CHANGE, 2001–2019Students−14%Instructional aides+40%Student support staff+41%District administrators+57%Instr. coordinators+61%

        Sources: NHED and U.S. Dept. of Education data compiled by Scafidi 2023.

        Staffing

        Who the money pays for

        MYTH“The new money went to teachers.”FACTNH has 35% more staff per student than the U.S., yet teacher pay rose just 8% after inflation since 2001.Dig deeperClose

        New Hampshire has 18.5 staff for every 100 students, the 5th most of any state, against 13.7 nationally. Teacher pay rose 8% after inflation from 2001 to 2024, while district spending rose 45%. The money paid for more staff, not better teacher pay.

        AFTER INFLATION, 2001–2024Teacher pay+8%District spending+45%

        Sources: NCES Digest Table 213.50; Scafidi 2023; Scafidi 2025.

        MYTH“More staff means smaller classes and better outcomes.”FACTWe already have the 5th most staff per student in the country, and scores are falling.Dig deeperClose

        If staffing levels drove results, New Hampshire would be gaining ground. Instead, NAEP scores fell three times faster than the nation’s from 2003 to 2024.

        STAFF PER 100 STUDENTS, FALL 2022New Hampshire18.5United States13.7

        Sources: NCES Digest Table 213.50; NAEP New Hampshire profile; Scafidi 2025.

        MYTH“Consolidating SAUs means losing local control.”FACTThe state study would move academic decisions back to local school boards and make the top administrator elected.Dig deeperClose

        The 2025 legislative study committee’s majority found superintendents today “do not directly answer to the voters.” New Hampshire already spends more on SAU-level administration than any other state: $794 per student. The committee’s plan puts business functions such as accounting, HR, purchasing, and transportation with an elected county school administrator, and returns curriculum, discipline, and teacher hiring to local school districts. Today voters can’t change an SAU budget. Under the county model, the administrator is elected and the county’s legislative delegation oversees the budget, so voters gain control, not lose it. A 1993 state study estimated that replacing SAUs could save $27 million a year.

        County officeElected administratorAccounting · HRPurchasing · transportationYour school boardCurriculumDisciplineHiring teachers

        Sources: SAU study committee final report (2025); U.S. Census, 2023.

        Property taxes

        Why your bill keeps rising

        MYTH“School spending isn’t what’s driving property taxes.”FACTSchools take 62% of all property taxes in New Hampshire.Dig deeperClose

        Towns raised $5.09 billion in property taxes for 2025. Of that, $3.15 billion went to schools through local and state education tax rates. Use the lookup above to see your own town’s share.

        2025 PROPERTY TAXES, ALL NH TOWNS: $5.09 BILLIONSCHOOLS 62%EVERYTHING ELSE 38%$3.15 billion for schools · $1.94 billion for town, county, and other

        Sources: NH DRA 2025 tax rates.

        MYTH“The state cut aid and pushed costs onto local taxpayers.”FACTLocal school taxes doubled because local budgets grew, not because the state pulled back.Dig deeperClose

        Local school property taxes rose from $1.38 billion in 2007–08 to $2.79 billion in 2025–26, up 103%, while prices rose about 55%. From 2001 to 2019, state aid per student held steady after inflation while local spending per student rose 135%. Local budgets, set at local meetings, drove the increase.

        SCHOOL PROPERTY TAXES RAISED$363M2007–08$363M2025–26Statewide education tax$1.38B2007–08$2.79B2025–26Local school taxes+103%

        Sources: NHED Values reports, 2007–08 and 2025–26; Scafidi 2023.

        MYTH“The state needs to pay more. It’s not fair.”FACTState money is still your money. Shifting who pays doesn’t change how much is spent.Dig deeperClose

        Every dollar of state school aid comes from New Hampshire taxpayers, through state taxes or the statewide education property tax. Moving the bill from your town to the state changes the envelope, not the amount. Budgets are still set locally, and they kept growing while enrollment fell: cost per pupil is up 82% after inflation since 2000, while the state has 48,139 fewer students. No amount of state money will fix a spending problem. It only makes it worse.

        Local property taxyour town billState taxesstatewide bills=The same taxpayersyou and your neighbors

        Sources: NHED Cost Per Pupil by District, 2000–2023; NHED enrollment reports.

        MYTH“More state aid will lower my property taxes.”FACTThe state raised aid 8% in 2023–24. Local school taxes kept climbing, up 28% from 2021 to 2025.Dig deeperClose

        In 2023–24 the state raised base adequacy aid from $3,787 to $4,100 per student, and aid for low-income students from $1,893 to $2,300, up 21%. Local school property taxes still rose from $2.17 billion in 2021 to $2.78 billion in 2025. When more money arrives, budgets grow to absorb it.

        STATE BASE AID PER STUDENT2022–23$3,7872023–24$4,100 · +8%LOCAL SCHOOL PROPERTY TAXES2021$2.17B2025$2.78B · +28%

        Sources: NHED aid rate history, SFY 2017–2026; NH DRA municipal tax rates, 2021 and 2025.

        MYTH“Voting no on the school budget will close our schools.”FACTIn SB 2 districts, a failed budget means the default budget takes effect. Schools stay open.Dig deeperClose

        By law, the default budget is last year’s operating budget, adjusted for debt service, contracts, and other obligations already incurred or required by law, and reduced by one-time expenses. The school board can also call a special meeting to vote on a revised budget.

        Budget failsVoters say noat the ballotDefault budgetLast year’s budget,adjusted for fixedobligationsSchools openClasses go onas usual

        Sources: RSA 40:13.

        The 3‑3 plan

        The 3‑3 plan: two new taxes, no spending limits.

        A proposed 3% state income tax and a $3 statewide property tax, sold as property tax relief. Here’s what its own numbers show.

        Collected in new taxes$2.0 billionCut from local school taxes$1.64 billionAbout $360 million more taken than cutBy the plan’s own numbers, 2024 figures
        3%
        new state income tax
        $3
        per $1,000, new statewide tax on every property
        $24,000
        cost per pupil, by the plan’s own count, and it still wants to spend more
        +133%
        spending hike per student, from $4,300 to $10,000, with no limits attached

        Quotes and figures come from the 3‑3 plan’s own site, so you can check that we’ve represented it fairly.

        MYTH“The 3‑3 plan is tax relief.”FACTBy its own numbers, it collects about $2 billion in new taxes to cut local school taxes by about $1.64 billion, then adds new spending on top.Dig deeperClose

        The plan says its goal is “to replace local funding to the extent possible, not to increase overall funding.” Its own figures say otherwise. It “raises about $2 billion,” and local school property taxes would fall from “$2.64 billion” to “$1 billion.” It also more than doubles base aid per student, raises special education aid nearly twelvefold, and adds “a $1000 transportation stipend for each regular education student.” That’s a spending increase, paid for with two new taxes.

        BASE AID PER STUDENTNow$4,3003‑3$10,000SPECIAL EDUCATION AIDNow$2,1003‑3$25,000BRAND-NEW SPENDING$1,000 per studenttransportation stipend for each regular education student

        Sources: the 3‑3 plan’s own site.

        MYTH“The 3‑3 plan will lower my property taxes for good.”FACTNothing in it limits school spending. As budgets grow, the savings shrink, and the new taxes stay.Dig deeperClose

        The plan’s savings examples assume school budgets stay where they were in 2024. The plan contains no cap or limit on school budgets. History says budgets keep growing: local school property taxes rose 103% from 2007–08 to 2025–26, and when the state raised base aid 8% in 2023–24, local school taxes still rose 28% from 2021 to 2025.

        LOCAL SCHOOL PROPERTY TAXES, STATEWIDE2007–08$1.38B2025–26$2.79B · +103%EVEN WHEN STATE AID WENT UPAid +8%2023–24Local taxes +28%2021 to 2025

        Sources: the 3‑3 plan’s own site; NHED Values reports; NHED aid rate history; NH DRA municipal tax rates.

        MYTH“The deductions and credits will protect me.”FACTThey’re promises, not law. Any future legislature can shrink them by majority vote.Dig deeperClose

        The plan promises “a $35,000 deduction for each taxpayer and a $15,000 deduction for each dependent child,” “a $250,000 homestead exemption,” and “an equivalent credit” for renters. None of it exists. The plan “will be introduced as a bill in the 2027-28 session,” and nothing in it can bind future lawmakers. Those deductions leave a lot of income untaxed, and income taxes change once they exist. In 2022 Massachusetts voters added a 4% surtax on income over $1 million on top of the state’s flat 5% income tax. The Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, which provided the 3‑3 plan’s numbers, called that surtax “a significant victory for tax fairness.”

        PROMISED BY THE PLAN$35,000 deduction per taxpayer$15,000 per child$250,000 homestead exemptionRenter creditAny future legislaturecan cut them,any year

        Sources: the 3‑3 plan’s own site; EY Tax News; ITEP on the Massachusetts surtax.

        MYTH“Our school costs are in line with New England. The problem is how we pay for them.”FACTTheir own site puts cost per pupil at about $24,000. New Hampshire is 6th highest in the country.Dig deeperClose

        New Hampshire ranks 6th of 50 states in spending per pupil, 2nd in administration cost, and 5th in staff per student. After inflation, cost per pupil is up 82% since 2000 while enrollment fell 21%. Changing who pays doesn’t change how much is spent.

        #6spending per pupil#2administration cost#5staff per studentOf 50 states. Cost per pupil +82% after inflation since 2000, students −21%.

        Sources: the 3‑3 plan’s own site; SAU study committee report (Census 2023); NCES Digest Table 213.50; NHED Cost Per Pupil, 2000–2023.

        MYTH“The 3‑3 plan will make housing more affordable.”FACTIt adds a $3 statewide property tax on every rental and business property, with no homestead exemption.Dig deeperClose

        The plan blames school funding for “our housing affordability crisis,” then taxes every property in the state at $3 per $1,000. Only primary homes get the $250,000 homestead exemption. Apartment buildings, rental homes, and businesses pay the full tax, and those costs show up in rent and prices. Renters are promised “an equivalent credit,” but like the plan’s other credits, it’s a promise, not law.

        THE NEW $3 STATEWIDE PROPERTY TAXYour home$250,000 exemptPartial breakRental propertyTaxed in full→ passed to rentersBusiness propertyTaxed in full→ passed to customers

        Sources: the 3‑3 plan’s own site.

        EFAs and school choice

        EFAs: about 1 cent of every education dollar.

        What opponents quote
        $51.6 million
        What they leave out
        More than $4 billion

        spent on New Hampshire public schools every year. EFAs are a penny next to that dollar.

        $1 1 1 1 1 1¢ Every education dollar EFAs
        12,500
        students allowed in 2026–27, up 25% (NHPR)
        $5,204
        average EFA in 2024–25, vs. $22,700 per public school student (NHED)
        2021
        first school year of EFAs, long after enrollment began falling
        943
        students on the 2026–27 waitlist

        The math: EFA grants totaled nearly $27.7 million in 2024–25 (NHED, Nov. 2024), less than 0.7% of the more than $4 billion New Hampshire spends on public schools in a year (NHED, 2023–24). The 2025–26 cost of $51.6 million (InDepthNH, Nov. 2025, from NHED data) is no more than 1.3%. Either way, it’s about a penny on the dollar.

        MYTH“EFAs are eating the education budget.”FACTEFAs cost about 1 cent of every dollar New Hampshire spends on schools.Dig deeperClose

        EFA grants are paid with the state’s per-student education aid, not your town’s local school tax, and unused money goes back to the state’s Education Trust Fund. Your local school tax rate is set by your district’s budget.

        EVERY $100 OF SCHOOL SPENDING1 square of 100: about what EFAs cost.

        Sources: RSA 194-F:2; NHED, Nov. 2024; InDepthNH, Nov. 2025, from NHED data; NHED.

        MYTH“EFAs are draining public schools.”FACT84% of the enrollment drop since 2000–01 happened before the first EFA was paid.Dig deeperClose

        Public school enrollment fell from 208,461 in 2000–01 to 167,909 in fall 2020, a loss of 40,552 students, before EFAs existed. The total drop through fall 2025 is 48,139.

        0100K200KFall 2011: 190,8052011Fall 2012: 187,962Fall 2013: 185,3202013Fall 2014: 183,604Fall 2015: 181,3392015Fall 2016: 179,734Fall 2017: 178,3282017Fall 2018: 177,365Fall 2019: 176,1682019Fall 2020: 167,909Fall 2021: 168,6202021Fall 2022: 167,357Fall 2023: 165,0822023Fall 2024: 162,660Fall 2025: 160,3222025First EFAs, fall 2021

        Sources: NHED enrollment reports; Scafidi 2025 (2000–01 count).

        MYTH“EFAs cost taxpayers more.”FACTThe average EFA was $5,204 in 2024–25. A public school seat cost $22,700.Dig deeperClose

        By law, an EFA equals the state adequacy grant, plus any differentiated aid, that would have followed the child to a public school. The district keeps its local property tax money. The Department of Education estimated the 2024–25 EFA students would have cost taxpayers more than $99 million in public schools, against $27.7 million in grants.

        PER STUDENT, 2024–25One EFA$5,204One public seat$22,700

        Sources: RSA 194-F:2; NHED, Nov. 2024; NHED Cost Per Pupil, 2024–25.

        MYTH“Most EFA kids were never in public school.”FACTEvery child has the same claim to a quality education.Dig deeperClose

        About 80% of EFA students weren’t in a public school when they joined. Their families have always paid school property taxes like everyone else. Before EFAs, the state’s education aid didn’t follow these children at all. Now they receive a fraction of what a public school seat costs.

        Public school family✓ Pays school taxesPrivate school family✓ Pays school taxesHomeschool family✓ Pays school taxes

        Sources: InDepthNH, Nov. 2025, from NHED data; NHED Cost Per Pupil, 2024–25.

        MYTH“The EFA program is over budget.”FACTThat’s demand. Families want in, and 943 are on the waitlist.Dig deeperClose

        EFAs cost $51.6 million in 2025–26 against $39.3 million budgeted, because 10,510 students enrolled. The $12.3 million gap is less than one-third of 1 cent per education dollar. For 2026–27 the cap rose to 12,500 students, and the waitlist still reached 943.

        EFAS, 2025–26: DEMAND BEAT THE ESTIMATEBudgeted$39.3MActual$51.6M

        Sources: InDepthNH, Nov. 2025, from NHED data; NHPR, Aug. 2026.

        MYTH“Charter schools take money from public schools.”FACTCharter schools are public schools. The state funded them at $9,180 per student in 2024–25.Dig deeperClose

        In 2024–25, state-authorized charter schools received the same base adequacy aid as district schools, $4,182 per student, plus a charter grant of $4,998, for $9,180 per student, with extra aid for low-income students and English learners. That’s well under the $22,700 district cost per pupil. A charter student’s state aid goes to the charter, and the district keeps its local tax dollars. About 7,350 students attended charter schools that year, by the state’s estimate.

        PER STUDENT, 2024–25Charter school$9,180District school$22,700Base aid $4,182Charter grant $4,998

        Sources: NHED, Charter School Funding Orientation (Feb. 2025); NHED Cost Per Pupil, 2024–25.

        Statewide · The fix

        The fix: stewardship, not new taxes

        It’s a spending problem, not a funding problem. Six changes that would bring spending back in line with enrollment and results, without a new tax.

        1

        Consolidate SAUs and share back-office services

        The problem

        New Hampshire spends $2,029 per student on administration, second-highest of the 50 states and 68% above the national average. On SAU-level (“general”) administration alone, New Hampshire is #1 in the nation, at $794 per student. The state now has more than 100 SAUs, up from about 85 in 2005, and many carry their own superintendent, business office, and HR staff.

        ADMINISTRATION COST PER STUDENT, 2023#2of 50 states$2,029, 68% above U.S. avg.NUMBER OF SAUSAbout 85 (2005)100+ todayCounty model: about 12 SAUs, each led by an elected administrator
        The fix

        Adopt the county model recommended by the 2025 legislative study committee: about 12 SAUs, one per county plus Manchester and Nashua. Business functions such as accounting, HR, purchasing, and transportation move to the county. Curriculum, discipline, and teacher hiring return to local school boards. Today superintendents are chosen by a “board of boards,” and voters can’t change an SAU budget. Under the county model, the administrator is elected, and the county’s legislative delegation oversees the budget.

        Sources: SAU study committee final report (2025); U.S. Census, 2023.

        What you can doAsk your state representative and senator to support consolidating SAUs under the county model.
        2

        Budget to enrollment

        The problem

        New Hampshire spends $21,731 per pupil (preliminary 2023 Census figure), sixth-highest in the country and more than 44 other states. Enrollment has fallen 23% since 2001, yet districts kept adding staff.

        SPENDING PER PUPIL, 2023: ALL 50 STATESNH: 6th highest, $21,731More than 44 other statesSINCE 2001−23%students+57%district administrators(2001–2019)
        The fix

        Build each budget on next year’s projected enrollment. When students leave, staffing and spending should come down with them, not keep climbing.

        Sources: U.S. Census 2023 school finance data; Nashua Ink Link; SAU study committee final report (2025); NHED enrollment reports; Scafidi 2023.

        What you can doAsk your school board how staffing has changed as enrollment fell, and what next year’s budget assumes.
        3

        Put dollars in classrooms

        The problem

        After inflation, district spending rose 45% from 2001 to 2024, but teacher pay rose just 8%. The number of teachers barely moved while aides, support staff, and administrators grew.

        AFTER INFLATION, 2001–2024Teacher pay+8%District spending+45%STAFF CHANGE, 2001–2019+2%teachers+40%aides
        The fix

        Make teacher pay the first priority in every budget, and hold the line on non-teaching positions.

        Sources: Scafidi 2023; Scafidi 2025.

        What you can doAsk how much of this year’s increase goes to teacher pay, and how much to new non-teaching positions.
        4

        Publish the numbers

        The problem

        Key numbers such as administration cost per pupil and staff per student are scattered across state reports, if they’re published at all. Most voters never see them when they vote on a budget.

        YOUR DISTRICT SCORECARD · EVERY YEARStudents, this year vs. 5 years agoCost per pupil vs. state averageAdministration cost per pupilStaff per 100 studentsReading and math proficiencySchools’ share of your tax bill
        The fix

        Every district should publish a one-page scorecard with its budget each year, in the same format, so voters can compare.

        Sources: NHED Cost Per Pupil, 2024–25; NHED enrollment reports.

        What you can doAsk your school board to publish a scorecard with the budget every year. Start with this site’s lookup for your town.
        5

        Tie budgets to results

        The problem

        Spending per pupil climbed for two decades, but results slipped. Nearly one in three New Hampshire eighth graders now scores below Basic in math, up from about one in five in 2003.

        NH 8TH GRADERS BELOW BASIC IN MATH21%200331%2024Nearly 1 in 3, while spending per pupil climbed.
        The fix

        Every budget increase should come with measurable reading and math goals, reported back to voters the following year.

        Sources: NAEP 2024 New Hampshire reports.

        What you can doAsk your school board what results in reading and math this budget will buy, and how you’ll know.
        6

        Keep choices open

        The problem

        One-size-fits-all costs more. A district school seat cost $22,700 in 2024–25. A charter school ran on $9,180 in state aid, and the average EFA was $5,204.

        COST PER STUDENT, 2024–25District school$22,700Charter school$9,180EFA$5,204
        The fix

        Protect Education Freedom Accounts and public charter schools. They give families options and give districts a reason to control costs.

        Sources: NHED Cost Per Pupil, 2024–25; NHED charter funding; NHED EFA data.

        What you can doTell your legislators to protect EFAs and public charter schools.

        Sources